Encapsulation

Analogy: security

Encapsulation is like a Vending Machine.

You cannot reach inside and grab a soda (Private Data).
You must use the coin slot and buttons (Public Interface).

This protects the machine from being robbed or broken!

Getters and Setters

In code, we use private variables and public methods.

Java Example

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class BankAccount {
    private double balance; // Hidden!

    public void deposit(double amount) {
        if (amount > 0) {
            balance += amount; // Safe access
        }
    }
}

If balance was public, anyone could set it to -1000000! Encapsulation prevents this.